INTRODUCTION:

Menopause is a natural phase in a woman’s life when her reproductive years come to an end. It is the termination of oocyte production from the ovaries and the cessation of the menstrual cycle. Sometimes, for some women, it occurs earlier than expected, leading to what is known as early menopause. But does early menopause mean early death?

This article will explore the various factors of this intriguing question to help you explore the potential link between early menopause and mortality.

UNDERSTANDING EARLY MENOPAUSE:

Definition:

Early menopause, as the name describes, happens earlier than the typical menopause age range of 45 to 55 when most women go through this transition

Age ranges:

It usually occurs before the age of 40. Sometimes, it can even happen in a woman’s 20s or 30s, though it’s less common.

Etiological factors:

Early menopause is sometimes initiated on its own, having no definitive reason, and it occurs as a consequence of the following factors:

• Ancestral tree: Women having a family history of early menopause have increased susceptibility to early menopause.
• Oncological treatments: various oncological treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are targeted to the pelvic region and sometimes destroy the ovary along with cessation of the menstrual cycle. Here, it is important to remember not all women who undergo oncological treatment suffer from early menopause. Rather, various other factors contribute to it.
• Bilateral Oophorectomy: it is the surgical removal of both ovaries, which results in menopausal-associated symptoms immediately. Removal of both ovaries causes a sharp decline in estrogen levels and a stoppage of menstruation.
• Smoking: it is also an etiological factor for early menopause. Active as well as passive smokers are more vulnerable to early menopause.
• Hysterectomy: total removal of the uterus is also a consequence of early menopause. If the ovaries are intact, the menstruation phase is missing, but the cycle resumes.
• Various pathological conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, Crohn’s disease, HIV, AIDS, and chronic fatigue syndrome, are the disorders that result in the onset of early menopause.
• Chromosomal aberrations: patients with defective or missing associated chromosomes can lead to early onset of menopause. For example, in Turner’s syndrome, an entire or specific part of the X chromosome is missing, due to which they have abnormal ovaries at birth and early reach menopause along with primary ovary insufficiency.
• Menarche: those who have a period before the age of 11.
• Polymenhorrea: having a short menstrual cycle.
• Use of contraceptives: it is also reported in women who use contraceptives in their reproductive journey.

Symptoms of early menopause:

The symptoms associated with early menopause are similar to those of natural menopause; however, there can be more severe health implications due to the earlier onset. These include an increased risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, cognitive issues, and certain cancers. Some common symptoms are:

• Hot flushes.
• Sweaty nights.
• Lethargy.
• Obesity.
• Body aches.
• Reduce libido.
• Mood swings.
• Sleep deprivation.
• Vaginal atrophy.

DOES EARLY MENOPAUSE MEAN EARLY DEATH?

• Research studies have suggested a possible and acceptable answer to the question, ”Does early menopause mean early death?”. Some findings indicate that women who experience early menopause may face a higher chance of early death.
• According to the latest study, early menopause means early death in females by about 53%. It decreases the life expectancy by up to 2 years as compared to women who don’t have early menopause.
• Another research favors the statement that early menopause enhances the risk of early death. According to the researcher, it is due to the earlier decline in the hormonal system and its impact on later life.

HOW DOES ESTROGEN PROTECT THE BODY?

• Estrogen maintains a great protective mechanism in the female body. A sharp decline in its level greatly impacts the entire body. Estrogen is chiefly responsible for managing cardiovascular, bone physiology, and cholesterol levels.
• The dwindling effect of Estrogen not only impacts the cardiovascular system and bone derangement, but it also disturbs the psychological condition of individuals and causes anxiety and depression, which, of course, reduces the lifespan.
• It also initiates cognitive impairments.

IRON HYPOTHESIS:

• It is important to figure out the alliance between the menopause and the individual’s overall health.
• According to the hypothesis, soon after menopause, the body faces an eminent iron level due to iron metabolism alternation—high iron levels in the blood cause oxidative stress, which is culpable for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
• It is further explained that early menopause is associated with all induced cardiovascular as well as coronary artery disease mortality.
• It is also suggested that the onset of early menopause is linked with a higher onset of diabetes.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EARLY MENARCHE, EARLY MENOPAUSE AND EARLY DEATH:

• To understand, does early menopause mean early death? It is necessary to know that Menarche and menopause are two important reproductive events in a woman’s life. Earlier appearance of menarche and menopause are thought to be associated with the risks of cardiovascular disorders and oncological genesis.
• The studies reported that early menarche is associated with all-cause or selective-cause mortalities. Simultaneously, increased risk of CVD and all-cause mortality is linked to early menopause.
• The time of onset of menarche and menopause is usually considered an inheritance, and it is under the influence of nutritional aspects.

HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY MENOPAUSE:

Osteoporosis and Bone Health:

One significant health consequence of early menopause is the increased possibility of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weakened bones. Women with early menopause may experience more rapid bone density loss, making them more vulnerable to fractures and bone-related issues.

Cardiovascular Health:

Early menopause can also affect cardiovascular health. Women who go through early menopause may be at a higher risk of heart disease. The decline in ovarian reserve causes depletion of Estrogen, which plays a protective role in heart health.

It is assumed that the transition to menopause is correlated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, and it is more visible in women who experience early menopause. It includes a higher lipid profile, obesity, and glucose intolerance, collectively leading to arterial hypertension.

Cognitive Function and Mental Health:

Cognitive function and mental health can be influenced by early menopause. Some studies have suggested a link between early menopause and an increased risk of cognitive decline and mental health issues like depression. However, further research is needed to establish a concrete connection.

Cancer Risk:

Certain cancers, such as breast (ductal carcinoma) and ovarian cancer, have been associated with early menopause. Women who experience menopause before the age of 40 may face a slightly higher risk of these cancers. Regular screenings and early detection are crucial in managing this risk.

FACTORS AFFECTING MORTALITY RISK IN EARLY MENOPAUSE:

Lifestyle Factors:

Leading a healthy lifestyle can significantly impact the mortality risk associated with early menopause. Not smoking, maintaining a balanced diet, and keeping physically active can help mitigate potential health risks.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT):

Hormone replacement therapy, which involves taking Estrogen and sometimes progesterone, can help alleviate some of the health risks associated with early menopause. It may reduce the chances of osteoporosis, improve heart health, and relieve menopausal symptoms. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine if HRT is right for you. It is usually recommended to continue the hormonal treatment until the age of natural menopause.

Genetics and Family History:

Genetic factors and family history significantly determine a woman’s health outcomes during and after early menopause. Women who face early menarche and nulliparity (experience miscarriage, stillborn, abortion) are also at risk of suffering from premature menopause,

Access to Healthcare and Preventive Measures:

Having access to healthcare and regular health check-ups is crucial for managing the health consequences of early menopause. Early detection and preventive measures can minimize the risk of potential health issues.

STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING LONGEVITY IN EARLY MENOPAUSE:

Lifestyle Modifications and Healthy Habits:

A healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management can promote longevity and overall well-being.

Regular Health Screenings and Preventive Healthcare:

Women going through early menopause should prioritize regular health check-ups and screenings to detect any potential health issues early. Early detection can make a significant difference in outcomes.

Hormone Replacement Therapy Considerations:

Discuss the potential benefits and side effects of hormone replacement therapy with a healthcare provider to determine if it’s a suitable option for managing the health consequences of early menopause.

Psychological Support and Mental Health Care:

Mental health is equally important in promoting longevity. Seeking support and therapy, if necessary, can help manage the emotional and psychological challenges that may arise during early menopause.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, the question of whether ” does early menopause means early death” is a complex one. While research suggests a possible link between early menopause and increased mortality risk, many other factors contribute to a woman’s overall health and longevity. It’s essential for women experiencing early menopause to prioritize their well-being by adopting a healthy lifestyle, seeking preventive healthcare, and considering appropriate medical interventions. Remember, early menopause may bring its challenges, but it doesn’t have to mean early death.